# Matplotlib Colorbar

Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. contourf(x,y,z, levels) ) Somehow, I do only get 17 "segments" in the corresponding colorbar. That turns everything above 150 to red and everything below 100 to blue. A module for converting numbers or color arguments to RGB or RGBA. This module includes functions and classes for color specification conversions, and for mapping numbers to colors in a 1-D array of colors called a colormap. 0) RGB values to create linear colormaps. They are extracted from open source Python projects. The parameters of interest are $$\mu$$ and $$\sigma$$. How to change imshow colorbar label size in matplotlib. If you use a large enough colormap with enough steps, the colorbar will appear continuous. You might like the Matplotlib gallery. colorbar() function. Matplotlib allows for a large range of colorbar customization. A colorbar should accompany the plot. It can also be used for animations as well. Matplotlib est probablement l'un des packages Python les plus utilisés pour la représentation de graphiques en 2D. We suggest you make your hand dirty with each and every parameter of the above methods. Matplotlib: colorbar too large If the colorbar is too big, setting the 'shrink' property helps: image processing, matplotlib, plots, presentation, python, writing. import pandas as pd import seaborn as sns import numpy as np import matplotlib. And best if it would display dynamically - after moving curosor the values would automatically show new pointed value. colors provides a function ListedColormap() to generate a color map from a list. Hunter in 2003 as a way of providing a plotting functionality similar to that of MATLAB, which at the time was the most popular programming language in academia. By default though, any colorbar applied in matplotlib will diverge from the midpoint between -3000 and 1000 i. We can normalize the colorbar in a given range by using matplotlib. First, create a script that will map the range (0,1) to values in the RGB spectrum. pcolor(data) fig. Click on axis and data and hide them, the legend and the color bar will be the only things visible. I need to make the colorbar fixed so I can compare the two plots. A scatter plot is a type of plot that shows the data as a collection of points. The xlims are also. pyplot as plt import matplotlib. Various Plotting Examples Showing Images The imshow command allows displaying images in a variety of. So you want to make a map using Python. 0中,如何将colorbar行为恢复为matplotlib 1. dates import DateFormatter, date2num N = 50. pcolor(data) fig. 0)) But the colorbar is still overlapping with the plot slightly (and the labels of the x axis). Do you often get confused with terms like maptlotlib, pyplot, pylab, figures, axes, gcf, gca, etc and wonder what they mean?. And best if it would display dynamically - after moving curosor the values would automatically show new pointed value. A subplot is an axes on a grid system. The legend() method adds the legend to the plot. MatPlotLib Tutorial. " One potential issue with this plot is that it is a bit "splotchy. It is similar to MATLAB in capacity and syntax. Matplotlib so that the ball axis only has minor tick marks at the specified points. The final component of the plot is a color bar, which provides a visual representation of the value associated with each color in the plot, with the fig. The following are code examples for showing how to use matplotlib. import matplotlib. People who are just getting started with. Now the width of the colorbar (as well as the space between colorbar and plot) changes with the width of the plot. I wanted to try to test out the new Matplotlib colormap viridis: Initially, I couldn’t find an easy way to use it since it isn’t in the current version (1. scatter(), which functions as a mapping of y-values to a ColorMap. pyplot as plt fig = plt. colorbar(surf, aspect=18) method call. matplotlib YouTube This modified text is an extract of the original Stack Overflow Documentation created by following contributors and released under CC BY-SA 3. Python) and I am trying to figure out, how the colorbar can be set to be static the whole time. The function is very simple and it uses multiple polar plots. So colorlist needs to be a list of floats rather than a list of tuples as you have it now. I thought I'd share here some of the things I've learned when playing around with these tools. vmin and vmax can then control the limits of your colorbar. 1 would crash Python every time I went to run a Matplotlib script. Hi I've never got into color maps, although I've always been keen to. 使用matplotlib的示例：调整字体-设置刻度、坐标、colormap和colorbar等 博文 来自： 网海水手 Python 中 colorbar 全色表 03-19 阅读数 2434. Matplotlib - Contour Plot - Contour plots (sometimes called Level Plots) are a way to show a three-dimensional surface on a two-dimensional plane. A colorbar connects the color with the numerical values. Matplotlib Plotting in Python Yann Tambouret. 0) With the two different limits you can control the range and legend of the colorbar. import matplotlib. It uses a list of Patch instances instead of a PatchCollection because the latter does not allow the hatch pattern to vary among the members of the collection. The artist supports customization either directly from the Colorbar object or from the matplotlibrc. Matplotlib colormaps with a surface plot. python – 设置matplotlib colorbar范围 ; 2. python - 修正matplotlib colorbar蜱 ; 6. More than 3 years have passed since last update. Matplotlib also able to create simple plots with just a few commands and along with limited 3D graphic. See section4. Matplotlib may be used to create bar charts. With raster datasets, I often find myself using diverging colour scales. That turns everything above 150 to red and everything below 100 to blue. scatter() and is the result of ax1. With the two different limits you can control the range and legend of the colorbar. Horizontal colorbar and same size as the figure in matplotlib. So you want to make a map using Python. Matplotlib offers a hierarchy of objects abstracting various elements of a plot. Provides a new artist for matplotlib to display a colorbar, instead of an axis as it is the default in matplotlib. Keyword CPC PCC Volume Score; colorbar matplotlib: 0. scatter() Last but not least, lets add a title to the colorbar to indicate what it represents - to do this, after creating. Turn on "%matplotlib inline" for plotting inside a notebook. But, what if I think those colormaps are ugly? Well, just make your own using matplotlib. Along with that used different method and different parameter. A Colorbar which is created using Patch rather than the default pcolor(). 07,anchor=(1. mpl colormaps. imshow() and plt. Matplotlib colormaps with a surface plot. Posted on March 27, 2013. Scatter plots using matplotlib. python – Matplotlib 2 Subplots,1 Colorbar ; 5. The xlims are also. colorbar (mappable=None, cax=None, ax=None, **kw) [source] ¶ Add a colorbar to a plot. Using matplotlib we can associate with a point (x,y) on the graph with a specific color representing the variable that we are trying to visualize. They are extracted from open source Python projects. pcolor() , the values of the array are mapped to a corresponding color. subplots with gridspec_kw options are used. However, it seems Bokeh works stand alone without matplotlib (is it true?) Anyway, let's check whether Bokeh works in my environment or not. Graphing Matplotlib Python Part 3: Colors and Line Thickness How to do some basic Matplotlib customization Once you've got the basics down, you'll probably want to learn how to customize the charts a bit. Let's get started! If you've started doing some data visualisation with Matplotlib and Pandas, but are looking for the next simple step to getting started with geographical data, I got you. how to show an image using cmap (color map) parameter 5. I need to make the colorbar fixed so I can compare the two plots. Provides a new artist for matplotlib to display a colorbar, instead of an axis as it is the default in matplotlib. colorbar(mappable=None, cax=None, ax=None, **kw) [source] Add a colorbar to a plot. So we know that matplotlib is awesome for generating graphs and figures. At the current state, only every second "segment" is labelled with a tick. In this article we will show you some examples of legends using matplotlib. It is the core object that contains the methods to create all sorts of charts and features in a plot. All the matrials come from Machine Learning class in Polyu,HK and I reorganize them and add reference materials. colorbar() function in either subplot1 or subplot2, it would autoscale the plot such that the colorbar plus the plot would fit inside the 'subplot' bounding box, causing the two side-by-side plots to be two very different sizes. Matplotlib colormaps with a surface plot. ) described by this colorbar. Specify Name,Value as the last pair of arguments in any of the previous syntaxes. MatPlotLib Tutorial. copy(im) im2. Various Plotting Examples Showing Images The imshow command allows displaying images in a variety of. subplots_adjust(top=0. By using axesgrid, the padding between subplots are guaranted to be the same. They are extracted from open source Python projects. colorbar(cax=ax, orientation='horizontal') plt. A good data visualization can turn data into a compelling story, which interpret the numbers into understandable figures. Scatter plots using matplotlib. pyplot is usually imported as plt. RGB and RGBA are sequences of, respectively, 3 or 4 floats in the range 0-1. subplots with gridspec_kw options are used. colorbar(pc2) That's a nice colorbar, and it's what I expect the default behavior to be for contourf also. Axes , so all of the axes and tick formatting tricks we've learned are applicable. With raster datasets, I often find myself using diverging colour scales. fits in interactive Python and look at the header. Let's get started! If you've started doing some data visualisation with Matplotlib and Pandas, but are looking for the next simple step to getting started with geographical data, I got you. As of version 0. I am either very close or nowhere near, surly this should only be a one or two liner?? Please help. In this dictionary, you will have a series of tuples for each color 'red', '. However, a layer built on top of this basic structure called pyplot accesses the underlying package using function calls. Matplotlib may be used to create bar charts. The colorbar has some interesting flexibility; for example, we can narrow the color limits and indicate the out-of-bounds values with a triangular. Using Matplotlib and simplekml to create Google-Earth Overlays Mar 10, 2014 Here is a quick example on how to create a kmzfile with image overlays using matplotlib and simplekml. Re: Single Colorbar for multiple subplots I modified matplotlib to let you do this by passing an array of axes to the ax argument of colorbar. In this tutorial, we're going to cover some more customization, along the lines of colors and fills. Welcome to a Matplotlib with Python 3+ tutorial series. They are extracted from open source Python projects. Highly integrated with GitHub, Bitbucket and GitLab. The matplotlib-subsets package visualizes a hierarchy of sets as a tree of rectangles. Matplotlib is the toolkit, PyPlot is an interactive way to use Matplotlib and PyLab is the same thing as PyPlot but with some extra shortcuts. Matplotlib allows for a large range of colorbar customization. set_clim(-2. The artist supports customization either directly from the Colorbar object or from the matplotlibrc. This argument is mandatory for the . In matplotlib sometimes you want to put some title in a colorbar, when producing a filled contour plot or similar. Plot a simple colorbar with matplotlib: How to change colorbar labels in matplotlib ? import numpy as np import matplotlib. The surfaces should be colored according to their height, that is: the z coordinate. Color Bar Size for Contour Plots¶ In the example below, both the thickness (given here in pixels) and the length (given here as a fraction of the plot height) are set. Plot a simple colorbar with matplotlib: How to change colorbar labels in matplotlib ? import numpy as np import matplotlib. Thanks to the info provided here and here, I gonna note it down here for plotting the colorbar in Python Matplotlib without using imshow() or scatter() to make a fake drawing first and clean it. Using Matplotlib and simplekml to create Google-Earth Overlays Mar 10, 2014 Here is a quick example on how to create a kmzfile with image overlays using matplotlib and simplekml. randn(30,30) plt. colorbar(surf, aspect=18) method call. Obviously, different kinds of data require different kinds of plots. To label these plots, you can either use the label argument and a legend, or generate a colorbar. Thank you, but that's not what I'm looking for. animation as animation. set_cmap(colmap. This function provides an interface to many (though not all) of the possible ways you can generate colors in seaborn, and it's used internally by any function that has a palette argument (and in some cases for a color argument when multiple colors are needed). Fills allow us to fill between points. The xlims are also. Python Forums on Bytes. Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library which produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Notice that we have to specify in the first argument which plot the color bar is associated to. dates import DateFormatter, date2num N = 50. In this tutorial, we will learn how to plot a standard bar chart/graph and its other variations like double bar chart, stacked bar chart and horizontal bar chart using the Python library Matplotlib. colorbar() function. " One potential issue with this plot is that it is a bit "splotchy. cla()", but that would still leave > the "ticks", tick labels and the colorbar label. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Installation. Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. python – Matplotlib 2 Subplots,1 Colorbar ; 5. Matplotlib は様々な状態をカスタマイズできるデフォルトの設定を持っています。 matplotlib のほとんど全ての状態のデフォルトを制御することができます: 図のサイズや dpi、線幅、色、スタイル、axes、 axis やgrid の状態、テキストやフォントの状態等々。. 0)) But the colorbar is still overlapping with the plot slightly (and the labels of the x axis). A colorbar connects the color with the numerical values. pyplot is usually imported as plt. Also the colorbar have exactly the same height as the main plot. I want the full range of the colormap displayed on the image; just the colorbar showing a fraction of the range. I often have to create plots where the color of some element reflects an underlying value. Getting started with matplotlib Remarks Overview. Hi Eric I am using matplotlib-0. It was developed by John Hunter in 2002. This class connects a ColorbarBase to a ScalarMappable such as a AxesImage generated via imshow(). The parameters of interest are $$\mu$$ and $$\sigma$$. The final component of the plot is a color bar, which provides a visual representation of the value associated with each color in the plot, with the fig. Colorbar (ax, mappable, **kw) [source] ¶ Bases: matplotlib. For example, 'Direction','reverse' reverses the color scale. answers range from ax. More than 1 year has passed since last update. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the ones you don't like. Click on thumbnail gallery and scan for something similar to what you want, then click on that for details of how to do it. I prefer this solution that you can simply copy and paste instead of the previous visualizing colorbar part of the code. The surfaces should be colored according to their height, that is: the z coordinate. matplotlib colorbar pricing & plans Pricing information for matplotlib colorbar is supplied by the software provider or retrieved from publicly accessible pricing materials. 8, I ran into an issue where Matplotlib 3. That turns everything above 150 to red and everything below 100 to blue. In this dictionary, you will have a series of tuples for each color 'red', 'green', and 'blue'. Blah, blah, blah… let’s get to the code. I am trying to make a 3D grid plot in Python using Matplotlib. Normalize(vmin=-0. So I made a plot with four subplots (2x2). Scatter plots using matplotlib. set_clim(-2. Ever been frustrated with colorbars on your matplotlib plots that just totally mess with the layout of your figure? I plot a lot of image data, much of it in side-by-side comparisons, and the combination of matplotlib's default colorbar behavior and subplots was really getting up my nose. The position of the colorbar artist can be decided as for the legend. pyplot as plt from matplotlib. colorbar method but optional for the `. 0)) But the colorbar is still overlapping with the plot slightly (and the labels of the x axis). mpl colormaps. then the interval is regular and x-axis comes as (1,2,3,4,5) how can i change that to from matplotlib import pyplot as plt ___ xval=(151383,151433,175367. ticklabel_format(style='sci', scilimits=(-6,6)) このページを編集する このページを元に新規ページを作成. This mapping of color -> value is generally easily accomplished by using colormaps in matplotlib. It is widely used and provides a simple interface for creating a wide variety of plots from very simple. python – 设置matplotlib colorbar范围 ; 2. Custom scatterplot colors with colorbar in Matplotlib I needed to plot a standard scatterplot, but color the points according to some third dimension of data, and add a colorbar. It can be used as-is to make a colorbar for a given colormap; a mappable object (e. Welcome to a Matplotlib with Python 3+ tutorial series. 5 is show in the bar, while the colormap covers -2 to 2 (so this could be your data range. Here we use a function animate() that changes the coordinates of a point on the graph of a sine function. Learn more about colorbar, xtick, changing the location and labeling of ticks on a colorbar. ticklabel_formatを参照。 # 10^-6以下、10^6以上の場合に仮数部のみの表示にする cbar. > > I am sure that there is a way to get to what you want, but it isn't > immediately obvious. Using matplotlib we can associate with a point (x,y) on the graph with a specific color representing the variable that we are trying to visualize. Matplotlib scatterplot Matplot has a built-in function to create scatterplots called scatter(). subplots(1, 1) pc2 = ax2. A commonly asked question on the matplotlib mailing lists is "how do I make a contour plot of my irregularly spaced data?". imread, plt. The colorbar itself is simply an instance of plt. matplotlib is a plotting library for Python. Python Matplotlib Tips: Combine multiple line plot and contour plot with a colorbar using Python and matplotlib. set_clim(-2. #84 Hexbin plot with Matplotlib #84 Change grid size in Hexbin A Hexbin plot is useful to represent the relationship of 2 numerical variables when you have a lot of data point. The following are code examples for showing how to use matplotlib. How to change imshow colorbar label size in matplotlib. colorbar method but optional for the pyplot. From that > you get the list of text objects, which you then modify. Getting started with matplotlib Remarks Overview. name of matplotlib cmap, ‘ch:’, ‘hls’, ‘husl’, or a list of colors in any format matplotlib accepts Calling this function with palette=None will return the current matplotlib color cycle. Also the colorbar have exactly the same height as the main plot. Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library which produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Axes , so all of the axes and tick formatting tricks we've learned are applicable. Matplotlib offers a hierarchy of objects abstracting various elements of a plot. This code shows how to combine multiple line plot and contour plot with colorbar in one figure using Python and matplotlib. matplotlib colorbar pricing & plans Pricing information for matplotlib colorbar is supplied by the software provider or retrieved from publicly accessible pricing materials. subplot(2,2,2) data = np. Using Matplotlib and simplekml to create Google-Earth Overlays Mar 10, 2014 Here is a quick example on how to create a kmzfile with image overlays using matplotlib and simplekml. mplot3d import Axes3D import numpy as np import matplotlib import matplotlib. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the ones you don't like. pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline matplotlib. I want the full range of the colormap displayed on the image; just the colorbar showing a fraction of the range. I have almost done this via the following: plt. contourf(x,y,z, levels) ) Somehow, I do only get 17 "segments" in the corresponding colorbar. The colorbar makes it clear that the black regions are "peaks," while the red regions are "valleys. The colorbar itself is simply an instance of plt. imread, plt. Click on thumbnail gallery and scan for something similar to what you want, then click on that for details of how to do it. cla()", but that would still leave > the "ticks", tick labels and the colorbar label. Small utility to create a discrete matplotlib colormap - discrete_cmap. The result I want looks like the following, but using contourf. colorbar(mappable=None, cax=None, ax=None, **kw) [source] Add a colorbar to a plot. matplotlib provides a number of colormaps, a complete list of which can be found in cm. colorbarをダブルクリックしたい衝動に襲われたことがある colorbarの調整をIllustrator等で無理やりやったことがある 「cbarとcaxってなにか違うの？」と思ったことがある Seabornのheatmapなどで. Provides a new artist for matplotlib to display a colorbar, instead of an axis as it is the default in matplotlib. In the matplotlib imshow blog, we learn how to read, show image and colorbar with a real-time example using the mpimg. To combine these plots, plt. You often want to customize the way a raster is plotted in Python. solution from "Set Colorbar Range in matplotlib" works for pcolormesh, but not for contourf. I prefer this solution that you can simply copy and paste instead of the previous visualizing colorbar part of the code. Let's say I've got 20 Levels in the contourf plot. A colorbar connects the color with the numerical values. Provides a new artist for matplotlib to display a colorbar, instead of an axis as it is the default in matplotlib. mpl colormaps. Hi, I have been unable to place a colorbar on the LEFT side of a figure. You can set the colormap for an image, pcolor, scatter, etc, using a keyword argument:. import matplotlib. pdf), Text File (. pcolor() , the values of the array are mapped to a corresponding color. Axes in which to draw the colorbar, otherwise take space from the main Axes. By default though, any colorbar applied in matplotlib will diverge from the midpoint between -3000 and 1000 i. In this article we will show you some examples of legends using matplotlib. Using Matplotlib and simplekml to create Google-Earth Overlays Mar 10, 2014 Here is a quick example on how to create a kmzfile with image overlays using matplotlib and simplekml. Various Plotting Examples Showing Images The imshow command allows displaying images in a variety of. The colorbar in the image shows what color represents what temperature. Colorbar (ax, mappable, **kw) [source] ¶ Bases: matplotlib. The position of the colorbar artist can be decided as for the legend. Normalize(vmin=-0. 3D plotting with matplotlib. Small utility to create a discrete matplotlib colormap - discrete_cmap. And let's get real for a second, matplotlib just stinks the big one from a usability perspective. matplotlib-colorbar. Dec 17, 2016 · 3 min read. Drawing and Animating Shapes with Matplotlib. In the matplotlib imshow blog, we learn how to read, show image and colorbar with a real-time example using the mpimg. 7 - 如何设置matplotlib ax范围为正并围绕certian值进行镜像; python - Matplotlib Colorbar科学记数法偏移量; matplotlib底图colorbar文本位置; 如何使用Matplotlib或python中的其他库设置轴间隔范围; Python,Matplotlib,subplot：如何设置轴范围？. The colorbar in the image shows what color represents what temperature. Using matplotlib we can associate with a point (x,y) on the graph with a specific color representing the variable that we are trying to visualize. It can be used as-is to make a colorbar for a given colormap; a mappable object (e. In this tutorial, we will learn how to plot a standard bar chart/graph and its other variations like double bar chart, stacked bar chart and horizontal bar chart using the Python library Matplotlib. Matplotlib - bar,scatter and histogram plots Simple bar plot¶ import numpy as np import matplotlib. Horizontal colorbar and same size as the figure in matplotlib. As a workaround the colorbar can be rendered with overlapping segments:: cbar = colorbar() cbar. What was happening was that when I called the colorbar() function in either subplot1 or subplot2, it would autoscale the plot such that the colorbar plus the plot would fit inside the 'subplot' bounding box, causing the two side-by-side plots to be two. Now the width of the colorbar (as well as the space between colorbar and plot) changes with the width of the plot. Easiest way to install. 25 in both graphs will be the same colour). ColorbarBase. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the ones you don't like. copy(im) im2. 介绍python很火，因为有各种库的支持，所以功能格外强大。在可视化方面，目前用得较多的是matplotlib. ColorbarBase(ax, cmap=cm, norm=mpl. Various Plotting Examples Showing Images The imshow command allows displaying images in a variety of. Here we use a function animate() that changes the coordinates of a point on the graph of a sine function. Provides a new artist for matplotlib to display a colorbar, instead of an axis as it is the default in matplotlib. colorbar(surf, aspect=18) method call. A visualization of the default matplotlib colormaps is available here. Matplotlib supports all kind of subplots including 2x1 vertical, 2x1 horizontal or a 2x2 grid. pyplot as plt from matplotlib. python - 修正matplotlib colorbar蜱 ; 6. subplots_adjust(top=0. 3, matplotlib provides a griddata function that behaves similarly to the matlab version. We generate figure using matplotlib then convert the figure to the Bokeh compatible. To get around this, I tried to create a third subplot which I then hacked to render no plot with just a colorbar present. To label these plots, you can either use the label argument and a legend, or generate a colorbar. It uses a list of Patch instances instead of a PatchCollection because the latter does not allow the hatch pattern to vary among the members of the collection. Dec 17, 2016 · 3 min read. I have taken endless approaches and consulted every forum all to no avail. Obviously, different kinds of data require different kinds of plots. The reasons not to use jet are numerous, and you can find good arguments against it across the web. Rotating the tick labels of the color bar in matplotlib I would like to rotate the colorbar tick labels so that they read vertically rather than horizontally. I prefer this solution that you can simply copy and paste instead of the previous visualizing colorbar part of the code. python - 如何设置matplotlib colorbar范围？ Python matplotlib更改超过colorbar范围的值的默认颜色; python - colorbar中的奇怪范围值,matplotlib; python matplotlib colorbar设置tick formator / locator更改刻度标签; python - seaborn clustermap：设置colorbar ticks; python - 在colorbar matplotlib上记录标签. The artist supports customization either directly from the Colorbar object or from the matplotlibrc. Turn on "%matplotlib inline" for plotting inside a notebook. colorbar(orientation="horizontal",fraction=0. Normalize(vmin=-0. The fact-checkers, whose work is more and more important for those who prefer facts over lies, police the line between fact and falsehood on a day-to-day basis, and do a great job. Today, my small contribution is to pass along a very good overview that reflects on one of Trump’s favorite overarching falsehoods. Namely: Trump describes an America in which everything was going down the tubes under  Obama, which is why we needed Trump to make America great again. And he claims that this project has come to fruition, with America setting records for prosperity under his leadership and guidance. “Obama bad; Trump good” is pretty much his analysis in all areas and measurement of U.S. activity, especially economically. Even if this were true, it would reflect poorly on Trump’s character, but it has the added problem of being false, a big lie made up of many small ones. Personally, I don’t assume that all economic measurements directly reflect the leadership of whoever occupies the Oval Office, nor am I smart enough to figure out what causes what in the economy. But the idea that presidents get the credit or the blame for the economy during their tenure is a political fact of life. Trump, in his adorable, immodest mendacity, not only claims credit for everything good that happens in the economy, but tells people, literally and specifically, that they have to vote for him even if they hate him, because without his guidance, their 401(k) accounts “will go down the tubes.” That would be offensive even if it were true, but it is utterly false. The stock market has been on a 10-year run of steady gains that began in 2009, the year Barack Obama was inaugurated. But why would anyone care about that? It’s only an unarguable, stubborn fact. Still, speaking of facts, there are so many measurements and indicators of how the economy is doing, that those not committed to an honest investigation can find evidence for whatever they want to believe. Trump and his most committed followers want to believe that everything was terrible under Barack Obama and great under Trump. That’s baloney. Anyone who believes that believes something false. And a series of charts and graphs published Monday in the Washington Post and explained by Economics Correspondent Heather Long provides the data that tells the tale. The details are complicated. Click through to the link above and you’ll learn much. But the overview is pretty simply this: The U.S. economy had a major meltdown in the last year of the George W. Bush presidency. Again, I’m not smart enough to know how much of this was Bush’s “fault.” But he had been in office for six years when the trouble started. So, if it’s ever reasonable to hold a president accountable for the performance of the economy, the timeline is bad for Bush. GDP growth went negative. Job growth fell sharply and then went negative. Median household income shrank. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped by more than 5,000 points! U.S. manufacturing output plunged, as did average home values, as did average hourly wages, as did measures of consumer confidence and most other indicators of economic health. (Backup for that is contained in the Post piece I linked to above.) Barack Obama inherited that mess of falling numbers, which continued during his first year in office, 2009, as he put in place policies designed to turn it around. By 2010, Obama’s second year, pretty much all of the negative numbers had turned positive. By the time Obama was up for reelection in 2012, all of them were headed in the right direction, which is certainly among the reasons voters gave him a second term by a solid (not landslide) margin. Basically, all of those good numbers continued throughout the second Obama term. The U.S. GDP, probably the single best measure of how the economy is doing, grew by 2.9 percent in 2015, which was Obama’s seventh year in office and was the best GDP growth number since before the crash of the late Bush years. GDP growth slowed to 1.6 percent in 2016, which may have been among the indicators that supported Trump’s campaign-year argument that everything was going to hell and only he could fix it. During the first year of Trump, GDP growth grew to 2.4 percent, which is decent but not great and anyway, a reasonable person would acknowledge that — to the degree that economic performance is to the credit or blame of the president — the performance in the first year of a new president is a mixture of the old and new policies. In Trump’s second year, 2018, the GDP grew 2.9 percent, equaling Obama’s best year, and so far in 2019, the growth rate has fallen to 2.1 percent, a mediocre number and a decline for which Trump presumably accepts no responsibility and blames either Nancy Pelosi, Ilhan Omar or, if he can swing it, Barack Obama. I suppose it’s natural for a president to want to take credit for everything good that happens on his (or someday her) watch, but not the blame for anything bad. Trump is more blatant about this than most. If we judge by his bad but remarkably steady approval ratings (today, according to the average maintained by 538.com, it’s 41.9 approval/ 53.7 disapproval) the pretty-good economy is not winning him new supporters, nor is his constant exaggeration of his accomplishments costing him many old ones). I already offered it above, but the full Washington Post workup of these numbers, and commentary/explanation by economics correspondent Heather Long, are here. On a related matter, if you care about what used to be called fiscal conservatism, which is the belief that federal debt and deficit matter, here’s a New York Times analysis, based on Congressional Budget Office data, suggesting that the annual budget deficit (that’s the amount the government borrows every year reflecting that amount by which federal spending exceeds revenues) which fell steadily during the Obama years, from a peak of $1.4 trillion at the beginning of the Obama administration, to$585 billion in 2016 (Obama’s last year in office), will be back up to $960 billion this fiscal year, and back over$1 trillion in 2020. (Here’s the New York Times piece detailing those numbers.) Trump is currently floating various tax cuts for the rich and the poor that will presumably worsen those projections, if passed. As the Times piece reported: